GWS501516, commonly identified as GW-501516, GW501516, or Cardarine, is a synthetic small-molecule research compound studied primarily for its activity at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ/PPARβδ). Unlike peptide-based compounds, GWS501516 is a non-peptidic chemical ligand that has been investigated in experimental models of lipid metabolism, fatty-acid oxidation, energy metabolism, and skeletal-muscle physiology. Researchers have used this compound to examine PPARδ-mediated signaling and its relationship to metabolic regulation and cellular energy utilization.

When evaluating GWS501516 for laboratory research, researchers should review available documentation covering compound identity, purity, lot information, analytical testing, and storage specifications. Peptide Review Hub provides a research-oriented platform where users can compare available product and vendor information, including documentation and laboratory testing data. GWS501516 products should be regarded strictly as research materials and are not intended for human consumption, diagnosis, or treatment.

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svgWhat is GWS501516?

GWS501516, also known as GW-501516, is an experimental small molecule recognized as a selective PPARδ agonist. PPARδ is a nuclear receptor involved in the regulation of lipid utilization, fatty-acid oxidation, energy metabolism, and other cellular processes.

Research involving GW-501516 has examined how selective activation of PPARδ influences metabolic pathways in experimental systems. Its pharmacological profile has made it a commonly studied compound for investigating relationships between nuclear-receptor signaling, lipid metabolism, and oxidative capacity. PubChem identifies GW-501516 as a PPARβ/δ agonist and provides its chemical and pharmacological information.

Overview

GWS501516 was developed as a selective ligand for PPARδ and has been investigated in preclinical and clinical research contexts related to metabolic regulation. Its activity is associated with activation of PPARδ-dependent transcriptional pathways, which can influence genes involved in fatty-acid utilization and energy metabolism.

Experimental studies have explored the compound in areas including skeletal-muscle metabolism, lipid handling, glucose-related metabolic processes, and exercise-associated physiological pathways. These investigations are useful for understanding nuclear-receptor biology but do not establish the compound as an approved therapeutic or dietary supplement.

Molecular Characteristics

According to PubChem, GW-501516 has the following chemical characteristics:

• Chemical Name: GW-501516

• Synonyms: GW501516, GW-501516, GW 501516, Cardarine, GSK-516, GW1516

• Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₁₈F₃NO₃S₂

• Molecular Weight: 453.5 g/mol

• CAS Number: 317318-70-0

• PubChem CID: 9803963

• IUPAC Name: 2-[2-methyl-4-[[4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methylsulfanyl]phenoxy]acetic acid

GW-501516 is an aromatic, organofluorine-containing small molecule containing sulfur and nitrogen heteroatoms. It is structurally distinct from peptide compounds and belongs to a chemical class investigated for selective nuclear-receptor activity.

Research Applications

GWS501516 has been investigated in several areas of laboratory and preclinical research, including:

• PPARδ Signaling: Studying selective activation of the PPARδ nuclear receptor.

• Lipid Metabolism: Investigating pathways involved in fatty-acid utilization and lipid regulation.

• Fatty-Acid Oxidation: Examining molecular mechanisms associated with fatty-acid oxidation in metabolic tissues.

• Skeletal-Muscle Biology: Researching relationships between PPARδ activation and muscle oxidative metabolism.

• Energy Metabolism: Exploring transcriptional mechanisms involved in cellular energy utilization.

• Metabolic Research: Evaluating interactions between nuclear-receptor signaling and metabolic adaptations.

Mechanism of Research Interest

The primary research interest in GWS501516 comes from its role as a selective PPARδ agonist. PPARδ is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that regulates transcription of genes associated with lipid metabolism, fatty-acid oxidation, and energy homeostasis.

When GW-501516 interacts with PPARδ, receptor activation can influence downstream gene-expression pathways involved in metabolic processes. Research has therefore used the compound as a pharmacological tool for examining how selective PPARδ activation affects cellular metabolism and tissue-specific energy pathways.

PubChem summarizes research indicating that PPARδ signaling can regulate fatty-acid oxidation in tissues including skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.

Preclinical and Clinical Research

GW-501516 has been investigated beyond basic laboratory studies, including research concerning lipid disorders and metabolic pathways. PubChem records indicate that the compound reached Phase 2 development during its investigation as a potential pharmaceutical candidate.

However, subsequent research and safety concerns are important considerations when interpreting information about this compound. PubChem identifies GW-501516 as a failed drug candidate and notes its classification in anti-doping contexts. Its research history should therefore be considered separately from claims about performance enhancement, weight management, or therapeutic use.

These findings and classifications do not establish GW-501516 as a safe or approved human-use product.

Product Quality & Analytical Testing

Research-grade GWS501516 should be evaluated using appropriate analytical techniques to confirm chemical identity, purity, and batch consistency. Depending on the intended laboratory application, quality assessment may include:

• HPLC: Assessment of chemical purity and related impurities.

• Mass Spectrometry: Verification of molecular mass and compound identity.

• NMR Analysis: Structural characterization where appropriate.

• Chromatographic Testing: Examination of the primary compound and potential degradation products.

• Batch Testing: Comparison of analytical characteristics between production lots.

• Stability Testing: Monitoring chemical integrity under defined storage conditions.

Researchers should review the certificate of analysis, analytical methodology, batch number, stated purity, and identity information before incorporating a research compound into laboratory work.

Research Use Only: GWS501516 / GW-501516 is an experimental research compound and is not an approved medication or dietary supplement. It should not be presented as a treatment for obesity, weight loss, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, or athletic performance. Research materials should be handled according to applicable laboratory procedures, institutional requirements, and relevant regulations. Independent verification of identity, purity, and analytical documentation is recommended before research use.

Fragment 176-191 (also known as HGH Fragment 176-191 or Somatotropin 176-191) is a synthetic peptide representing the final 16 amino acids of the human growth hormone (hGH) molecule. Researchers investigate this peptide because it allows study of biological activity associated with the C-terminal region of growth hormone while remaining distinct from full-length recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH).

As interest in metabolic and adipose-tissue research continues to grow, researchers frequently compare Fragment 176-191 suppliers based on product purity, analytical testing, manufacturing quality, pricing, and supplier transparency.

This Fragment 176-191 Vendor Price Comparison Guide helps researchers evaluate suppliers using objective criteria including:

• Product Pricing

• Cost Per Milligram

• Product Purity

• Third-Party Testing

• Certificate of Analysis (COA)

• Vendor Reputation

• Customer Reviews

• Shipping Performance

• Product Availability

• Overall Value

Whether you're searching for the lowest-priced Fragment 176-191 supplier, the highest-purity research-grade material, or vendors with extensive laboratory verification, this guide provides a framework for comparing peptide suppliers.

Explore Fragment 176-191 Vendors by Criteria

Most Popular Fragment 176-191 Vendors

Compare suppliers frequently selected by metabolic and peptide researchers.

Highest Reviewed Fragment 176-191 Vendors

Discover peptide suppliers with strong customer satisfaction and positive marketplace reputations.

Lowest Price Fragment 176-191 Vendors

Identify vendors offering competitive pricing and attractive cost-per-milligram value.

Highest Purity Fragment 176-191 Vendors

Review suppliers that provide transparent purity verification and analytical testing.

Best Value Fragment 176-191 Vendors

Compare pricing, laboratory standards, documentation quality, and customer support.

Fastest Shipping Fragment 176-191 Vendors

Evaluate shipping reliability, packaging quality, and fulfillment performance.

Newly Listed Fragment 176-191 Vendors

Explore recently added suppliers offering HGH Fragment 176-191 research peptides.

What Is Fragment 176-191?

Overview

Fragment 176-191 is a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 176 through 191 of the human growth hormone molecule.

Researchers investigate Fragment 176-191 because of its relationship with:

• Lipid metabolism

• Adipocyte biology

• Metabolic signaling

• Growth hormone fragment activity

• Energy regulation

• Lipolytic pathways

• Structure-activity relationships

• Growth hormone biology

Fragment 176-191 should not be considered equivalent to full-length human growth hormone.

Molecular Characteristics

Peptide Information

Researchers evaluating Fragment 176-191 products should carefully review analytical documentation and product specifications.

Chemical Name

Somatotropin (176-191)

Common Name

HGH Fragment 176-191

Amino Acid Sequence

FLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF

Peptide Length

16 Amino Acids

Molecular Formula

C₇₈H₁₂₃N₂₃O₂₂S₂

Molecular Weight

1,799.1 g/mol

CAS Number

66004-57-7

Structural Feature

Intramolecular Disulfide Bond

Classification

Human Growth Hormone Fragment

Research Category

Metabolic & Adipose Biology Research

Why Researchers Compare Fragment 176-191 Vendors

Research reproducibility depends heavily on peptide quality and manufacturing consistency.

Differences among suppliers may include:

• Product purity

• Batch consistency

• Stability testing

• Manufacturing standards

• Analytical verification

• Product documentation

• Storage conditions

• Quality-control systems

Careful supplier evaluation can help improve experimental reliability and consistency.

How We Compare Fragment 176-191 Vendors

Third-Party Laboratory Testing

Independent testing remains one of the strongest indicators of peptide quality.

Researchers should prioritize suppliers offering:

• Third-party laboratory testing

• Purity verification

• Identity confirmation

• Batch-specific testing reports

Certificate of Analysis (COA)

A quality COA should include:

• Batch number

• Test date

• Purity percentage

• Identity confirmation

• Analytical methodology

Product Purity

Purity remains one of the most important variables when evaluating research peptides.

Higher-purity products generally contribute to improved reproducibility and experimental consistency.

Cost Per Milligram

Comparing vial prices alone may not accurately reflect value.

Cost Per Milligram Formula

Product Price ÷ Total Milligrams = Cost Per Milligram

This allows researchers to compare suppliers more effectively.

Customer Reviews

Customer feedback often provides insight regarding:

• Product consistency

• Packaging quality

• Shipping reliability

• Customer support

• Overall purchasing experience

Vendor Reputation

Established peptide suppliers often demonstrate:

• Transparent testing procedures

• Strong quality-control systems

• Reliable inventory management

• Positive marketplace reputation

Current Research & Evidence

Growth Hormone Fragment Research

The primary focus of Fragment 176-191 research involves examining biological activity associated with the C-terminal region of human growth hormone.

Researchers continue investigating:

• Growth hormone fragment activity

• Structural biology

• Peptide signaling

• Growth hormone subdomain function

• Molecular mechanisms

This remains the foundational area of Fragment 176-191 research.

Key Areas of Fragment 176-191 Research

Lipid Metabolism Research

One of the most common areas of investigation involves pathways related to lipid metabolism.

Researchers study:

• Lipid utilization

• Lipid mobilization

• Adipose signaling

• Fat metabolism pathways

• Metabolic regulation

This remains a major focus of Fragment 176-191 research.

Adipocyte Biology Research

Scientists continue examining pathways involving:

• Adipocyte function

• Fat-cell signaling

• Adipose tissue regulation

• Cellular metabolism

• Energy storage biology

Additional investigations remain ongoing.

Lipolysis Research

Researchers investigate relationships involving:

• Fat mobilization

• Adipose metabolism

• Lipid signaling pathways

• Cellular energy regulation

This area continues to attract significant research interest.

Metabolic Biology Research

Research continues examining pathways associated with:

• Energy metabolism

• Nutrient utilization

• Cellular metabolic responses

• Metabolic signaling networks

These pathways remain important targets within peptide research.

Structure-Activity Relationship Research

Fragment 176-191 remains useful for understanding how specific portions of larger peptide hormones contribute to biological activity.

Researchers investigate:

• Peptide structural mechanics

• Sequence-specific activity

• Molecular interactions

• Biological functionality

This field contributes to broader understanding of peptide biology.

Fragment 176-191 vs AOD-9604

Researchers should carefully distinguish between Fragment 176-191 and AOD-9604.

Native Fragment 176-191

Sequence:

FLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF

Characteristics:

• Native HGH fragment

• Starts with phenylalanine (F)

• Represents residues 176-191 of hGH

• Contains intramolecular disulfide bond

AOD-9604

Characteristics:

• Modified analogue

• Contains an additional N-terminal tyrosine

• Different molecular structure

• Different molecular weight

• Distinct analytical profile

Research findings involving AOD-9604 should not automatically be applied to native Fragment 176-191.

Preclinical Research Areas

Researchers continue investigating Fragment 176-191 in experimental models involving:

Lipid Metabolism

• Fat metabolism pathways

• Adipose regulation

• Cellular energy utilization

Metabolic Signaling

• Cellular metabolic responses

• Nutrient signaling pathways

• Energy-balance regulation

Growth Hormone Fragment Biology

• Functional regions of HGH

• Structure-activity relationships

• Peptide-fragment characterization

Adipocyte Research

• Fat-cell biology

• Cellular signaling

• Metabolic adaptation

These remain areas of scientific exploration rather than established therapeutic applications.

Product Quality & Analytical Testing

Why Testing Matters

Research-grade Fragment 176-191 products should undergo testing to verify:

• Identity

• Purity

• Stability

• Molecular composition

• Batch consistency

Common Testing Methods

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Used to evaluate purity and detect impurities.

Mass Spectrometry (MS)

Used to verify molecular mass and peptide identity.

Peptide Mapping

Used to confirm sequence characteristics and molecular composition.

Chromatographic Testing

Evaluates purity and degradation products.

Disulfide Bond Verification

Assesses structural integrity of the cysteine-containing peptide.

Stability Testing

Monitors peptide integrity under storage conditions.

Batch Consistency Testing

Measures reproducibility across production lots.

Understanding Fragment 176-191 Pricing

Several factors influence pricing among peptide suppliers.

Product Purity

Higher-purity products often command premium pricing.

Structural Complexity

The peptide's disulfide bond structure may increase manufacturing and analytical complexity.

Analytical Verification

Comprehensive testing programs improve transparency while increasing production costs.

Research Demand

Growing interest in metabolic and adipose biology research continues to support demand.

Vendor Reputation

Established vendors often charge more due to stronger quality-control systems.

Fragment 176-191 Vendor Evaluation Checklist

Quality Verification

✅ Third-party testing available

✅ Certificate of Analysis provided

✅ Identity verification documented

✅ Purity information disclosed

✅ Batch-specific testing available

✅ Molecular mass confirmed

Vendor Reliability

✅ Positive customer reviews

✅ Transparent company information

✅ Responsive customer support

✅ Reliable inventory availability

Purchasing Experience

✅ Secure checkout process

✅ Shipment tracking available

✅ Clear return policies

✅ Reliable order fulfillment

Red Flags When Comparing Vendors

Testing Concerns

❌ No third-party testing

❌ Missing COAs

❌ No identity verification

❌ Unverified purity claims

❌ Outdated laboratory reports

Transparency Issues

❌ Missing sequence information

❌ No batch documentation

❌ No molecular-weight verification

❌ Limited testing data

Service Problems

❌ Frequent stock shortages

❌ Poor communication

❌ Negative customer reviews

❌ Unclear shipping policies

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Fragment 176-191?

Fragment 176-191 is a synthetic peptide representing amino acids 176 through 191 of human growth hormone.

What is Fragment 176-191 used for in research?

Researchers investigate Fragment 176-191 in studies involving lipid metabolism, adipocyte biology, lipolysis, metabolic signaling, and growth hormone fragment activity.

Is Fragment 176-191 the same as human growth hormone?

No. Fragment 176-191 is a small peptide fragment derived from a specific region of human growth hormone and is not equivalent to full-length hGH.

Is Fragment 176-191 the same as AOD-9604?

No. AOD-9604 is a modified analogue that contains an additional N-terminal tyrosine and should not be considered identical to native Fragment 176-191.

What should researchers evaluate before purchasing?

Researchers should review:

• Certificate of Analysis (COA)

• HPLC purity data

• Mass spectrometry verification

• Peptide identity confirmation

• Vendor reputation

• Customer reviews

Why is third-party testing important?

Independent laboratory testing helps verify peptide identity, purity, molecular mass, and batch consistency while improving transparency and reproducibility.

How often should vendor comparisons be updated?

Pricing, supplier policies, inventory levels, and laboratory reports can change frequently and should be reviewed regularly.

Final Thoughts

Fragment 176-191 remains an important research peptide because it allows scientists to investigate biological activity associated with the C-terminal region of human growth hormone while remaining distinct from full-length hGH. Ongoing research continues exploring its relevance to lipid metabolism, adipocyte biology, metabolic signaling, and structure-activity relationships within growth hormone biology.

When comparing Fragment 176-191 vendors, researchers should prioritize purity verification, third-party laboratory testing, Certificate of Analysis availability, peptide identity confirmation, and supplier reputation rather than focusing exclusively on price. A structured vendor-comparison process can help identify suppliers capable of meeting rigorous research-quality standards.

Disclaimer

Fragment 176-191 (HGH Fragment 176-191, Somatotropin 176-191) is an experimental research peptide intended solely for laboratory and scientific research purposes. It is not approved as a drug, dietary supplement, food ingredient, or cosmetic product. All information provided is for educational and informational purposes only.

THIS PRODUCT IS INTENDED AS A RESEARCH CHEMICAL ONLY. It is intended strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. Bodily introduction into humans or animals is strictly prohibited. Researchers should independently verify peptide identity, sequence, purity, molecular mass, analytical documentation, and supplier information before research use.

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Create Best GWS501516 Peptide Vendors & Price Comparison similar to BPC-157 Peptide 1


Understand GWS501516 peptide from below:
GWS501516, commonly identified as GW-501516, GW501516, or Cardarine, is a synthetic small-molecule research compound studied primarily for its activity at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ/PPARβδ). Unlike peptide-based compounds, GWS501516 is a non-peptidic chemical ligand that has been investigated in experimental models of lipid metabolism, fatty-acid oxidation, energy metabolism, and skeletal-muscle physiology. Researchers have used this compound to examine PPARδ-mediated signaling and its relationship to metabolic regulation and cellular energy utilization.
When evaluating GWS501516 for laboratory research, researchers should review available documentation covering compound identity, purity, lot information, analytical testing, and storage specifications. Peptide Review Hub provides a research-oriented platform where users can compare available product and vendor information, including documentation and laboratory testing data. GWS501516 products should be regarded strictly as research materials and are not intended for human consumption, diagnosis, or treatment.
svg0Vendors Listed
svgLowest Price:$—
Compare Vendors svgView Deals
svgWhat is GWS501516?
GWS501516, also known as GW-501516, is an experimental small molecule recognized as a selective PPARδ agonist. PPARδ is a nuclear receptor involved in the regulation of lipid utilization, fatty-acid oxidation, energy metabolism, and other cellular processes.
Research involving GW-501516 has examined how selective activation of PPARδ influences metabolic pathways in experimental systems. Its pharmacological profile has made it a commonly studied compound for investigating relationships between nuclear-receptor signaling, lipid metabolism, and oxidative capacity. PubChem identifies GW-501516 as a PPARβ/δ agonist and provides its chemical and pharmacological information.
Overview
GWS501516 was developed as a selective ligand for PPARδ and has been investigated in preclinical and clinical research contexts related to metabolic regulation. Its activity is associated with activation of PPARδ-dependent transcriptional pathways, which can influence genes involved in fatty-acid utilization and energy metabolism.
Experimental studies have explored the compound in areas including skeletal-muscle metabolism, lipid handling, glucose-related metabolic processes, and exercise-associated physiological pathways. These investigations are useful for understanding nuclear-receptor biology but do not establish the compound as an approved therapeutic or dietary supplement.
Molecular Characteristics
According to PubChem, GW-501516 has the following chemical characteristics:




Chemical Name: GW-501516


Synonyms: GW501516, GW-501516, GW 501516, Cardarine, GSK-516, GW1516


Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₁₈F₃NO₃S₂


Molecular Weight: 453.5 g/mol


CAS Number: 317318-70-0


PubChem CID: 9803963


IUPAC Name: 2-[2-methyl-4-[[4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methylsulfanyl]phenoxy]acetic acid
GW-501516 is an aromatic, organofluorine-containing small molecule containing sulfur and nitrogen heteroatoms. It is structurally distinct from peptide compounds and belongs to a chemical class investigated for selective nuclear-receptor activity.
Research Applications
GWS501516 has been investigated in several areas of laboratory and preclinical research, including:




PPARδ Signaling: Studying selective activation of the PPARδ nuclear receptor.


Lipid Metabolism: Investigating pathways involved in fatty-acid utilization and lipid regulation.


Fatty-Acid Oxidation: Examining molecular mechanisms associated with fatty-acid oxidation in metabolic tissues.


Skeletal-Muscle Biology: Researching relationships between PPARδ activation and muscle oxidative metabolism.


Energy Metabolism: Exploring transcriptional mechanisms involved in cellular energy utilization.


Metabolic Research: Evaluating interactions between nuclear-receptor signaling and metabolic adaptations.
Mechanism of Research Interest
The primary research interest in GWS501516 comes from its role as a selective PPARδ agonist. PPARδ is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that regulates transcription of genes associated with lipid metabolism, fatty-acid oxidation, and energy homeostasis.
When GW-501516 interacts with PPARδ, receptor activation can influence downstream gene-expression pathways involved in metabolic processes. Research has therefore used the compound as a pharmacological tool for examining how selective PPARδ activation affects cellular metabolism and tissue-specific energy pathways.
PubChem summarizes research indicating that PPARδ signaling can regulate fatty-acid oxidation in tissues including skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
Preclinical and Clinical Research
GW-501516 has been investigated beyond basic laboratory studies, including research concerning lipid disorders and metabolic pathways. PubChem records indicate that the compound reached Phase 2 development during its investigation as a potential pharmaceutical candidate.
However, subsequent research and safety concerns are important considerations when interpreting information about this compound. PubChem identifies GW-501516 as a failed drug candidate and notes its classification in anti-doping contexts. Its research history should therefore be considered separately from claims about performance enhancement, weight management, or therapeutic use.
These findings and classifications do not establish GW-501516 as a safe or approved human-use product.
Product Quality & Analytical Testing
Research-grade GWS501516 should be evaluated using appropriate analytical techniques to confirm chemical identity, purity, and batch consistency. Depending on the intended laboratory application, quality assessment may include:




HPLC: Assessment of chemical purity and related impurities.


Mass Spectrometry: Verification of molecular mass and compound identity.


NMR Analysis: Structural characterization where appropriate.


Chromatographic Testing: Examination of the primary compound and potential degradation products.


Batch Testing: Comparison of analytical characteristics between production lots.


Stability Testing: Monitoring chemical integrity under defined storage conditions.
Researchers should review the certificate of analysis, analytical methodology, batch number, stated purity, and identity information before incorporating a research compound into laboratory work.
Research Use Only: GWS501516 / GW-501516 is an experimental research compound and is not an approved medication or dietary supplement. It should not be presented as a treatment for obesity, weight loss, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, or athletic performance. Research materials should be handled according to applicable laboratory procedures, institutional requirements, and relevant regulations. Independent verification of identity, purity, and analytical documentation is recommended before research use.

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Best GW-501516 (GWS501516 / Cardarine) Vendors & Price Comparison

GW-501516 (also known as GWS501516, GW501516, GW-501516, Cardarine, and GSK-516) is a synthetic small-molecule research compound investigated primarily for its activity as a PPARδ (PPARβ/δ) agonist. Unlike peptide-based compounds, GW-501516 is a non-peptide ligand that has become an important research tool in studies involving lipid metabolism, fatty-acid oxidation, skeletal-muscle biology, nuclear-receptor signaling, and cellular energy regulation.

As interest in metabolic and PPARδ research continues to expand, researchers frequently compare GW-501516 suppliers based on purity, analytical testing, manufacturing quality, pricing, and supplier transparency.

This GW-501516 Vendor Price Comparison Guide helps researchers evaluate suppliers using objective criteria including:

• Product Pricing

• Cost Per Milligram

• Product Purity

• Third-Party Testing

• Certificate of Analysis (COA)

• Vendor Reputation

• Customer Reviews

• Shipping Performance

• Product Availability

• Overall Value

Whether you're searching for the lowest-priced GW-501516 supplier, the highest-purity research-grade material, or vendors offering extensive laboratory verification, this guide provides a framework for comparing research-compound suppliers.

Explore GW-501516 Vendors by Criteria

Most Popular GW-501516 Vendors

Compare suppliers frequently selected by metabolic and nuclear-receptor researchers.

Highest Reviewed GW-501516 Vendors

Discover research-compound suppliers with strong customer satisfaction and positive marketplace reputations.

Lowest Price GW-501516 Vendors

Identify vendors offering competitive pricing and favorable cost-per-milligram value.

Highest Purity GW-501516 Vendors

Review suppliers providing transparent purity verification and analytical testing.

Best Value GW-501516 Vendors

Compare pricing, testing standards, documentation quality, and customer support.

Fastest Shipping GW-501516 Vendors

Evaluate shipping reliability, packaging quality, and order-fulfillment performance.

Newly Listed GW-501516 Vendors

Explore recently added suppliers offering GW-501516 research compounds.

What Is GW-501516?

Overview

GW-501516 is an experimental small-molecule compound developed as a selective PPARδ agonist.

Researchers investigate GW-501516 because of its relationship with:

• PPARδ signaling

• Lipid metabolism

• Fatty-acid oxidation

• Cellular energy regulation

• Skeletal-muscle metabolism

• Metabolic adaptation

• Nuclear-receptor biology

• Gene-expression pathways

Unlike peptide hormones or peptide therapeutics, GW-501516 belongs to a distinct class of non-peptidic nuclear-receptor ligands.

Molecular Characteristics

Compound Information

Researchers evaluating GW-501516 products should carefully review analytical documentation and molecular specifications.

Chemical Name

GW-501516

Common Names

• GW501516

• GW-501516

• GWS501516

• Cardarine

• GSK-516

• GW1516

Molecular Formula

C₂₁H₁₈F₃NO₃S₂

Molecular Weight

453.5 g/mol

CAS Number

317318-70-0

PubChem CID

9803963

Classification

Selective PPARδ Agonist

Research Category

Metabolic & Nuclear Receptor Research

Why Researchers Compare GW-501516 Vendors

Research reproducibility depends heavily on compound quality and manufacturing consistency.

Differences among suppliers may include:

• Purity levels

• Batch consistency

• Stability testing

• Manufacturing standards

• Product documentation

• Storage procedures

• Shipping methods

• Quality-control systems

Careful supplier selection may improve research reliability and reproducibility.

How We Compare GW-501516 Vendors

Third-Party Laboratory Testing

Independent testing remains one of the strongest indicators of product quality.

Researchers should prioritize suppliers offering:

• Third-party analytical testing

• Purity verification

• Identity confirmation

• Batch-specific laboratory reports

Certificate of Analysis (COA)

A quality COA should include:

• Batch number

• Testing date

• Purity percentage

• Identity confirmation

• Analytical methodology

Product Purity

Purity remains one of the most important factors when evaluating research compounds.

Higher-purity materials generally contribute to improved consistency and reproducibility.

Cost Per Milligram

Comparing only the total product price may not accurately reflect value.

Cost Per Milligram Formula

Product Price ÷ Total Milligrams = Cost Per Milligram

This metric provides a more meaningful vendor comparison.

Customer Reviews

Customer feedback may provide insight regarding:

• Product consistency

• Packaging quality

• Shipping reliability

• Customer support

• Overall purchasing experience

Vendor Reputation

Established suppliers often demonstrate:

• Transparent testing standards

• Strong quality-control procedures

• Reliable inventory management

• Positive customer satisfaction

Current Research & Evidence

PPARδ Signaling Research

The primary focus of GW-501516 research involves selective activation of the PPARδ nuclear receptor.

Researchers continue investigating pathways related to:

• Nuclear-receptor signaling

• Gene transcription

• Cellular metabolism

• Metabolic adaptation

• Energy regulation

This remains the central area of GW-501516 research.

Nuclear Receptor Biology

PPARδ belongs to the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors.

Researchers investigate:

• Ligand-receptor interactions

• Gene-expression regulation

• Cellular signaling networks

• Metabolic control pathways

• Tissue-specific molecular responses

This remains a foundational field in metabolic science.

Key Areas of GW-501516 Research

Lipid Metabolism Research

One of the most common areas of investigation involves lipid metabolism.

Researchers study:

• Lipid utilization

• Lipid signaling

• Fat metabolism

• Metabolic adaptation

• Energy regulation pathways

This remains a major focus of GW-501516 studies.

Fatty-Acid Oxidation Research

Scientists continue investigating pathways involving:

• Fatty-acid utilization

• Oxidative metabolism

• Cellular energy production

• Metabolic flexibility

• Mitochondrial energy processes

Additional research remains ongoing.

Skeletal-Muscle Research

Researchers investigate relationships involving:

• Muscle oxidative metabolism

• Cellular energetics

• Energy utilization

• Metabolic adaptation

• PPARδ-mediated signaling

This remains an important research area.

Energy Metabolism Research

GW-501516 is frequently studied because of its association with:

• Cellular energy regulation

• Energy homeostasis

• Metabolic signaling

• Nutrient utilization

• Oxidative metabolism

Researchers continue exploring these pathways.

Gene Expression Research

As a nuclear-receptor agonist, GW-501516 provides a useful model for studying:

• Transcriptional regulation

• Gene-expression changes

• Receptor-mediated signaling

• Cellular adaptation pathways

This remains a core area of nuclear-receptor research.

Metabolic Research

Scientists continue evaluating GW-501516 in studies involving:

• Metabolic adaptation

• Cellular metabolism

• Energy utilization pathways

• Lipid-related signaling

• Tissue-specific metabolic responses

Further research remains ongoing.

Why Researchers Study GW-501516

GW-501516 remains of scientific interest because it allows researchers to investigate PPARδ signaling directly.

Common research applications include:

• PPARδ biology

• Nuclear-receptor pharmacology

• Lipid metabolism

• Fatty-acid oxidation

• Skeletal-muscle physiology

• Cellular energy regulation

• Gene-expression research

• Metabolic pathway analysis

Its highly selective receptor activity continues to make it a valuable laboratory research tool.

Research History & Important Considerations

Researchers should recognize that GW-501516 has a unique development history.

Experimental investigations advanced beyond basic laboratory studies and included pharmaceutical development research. However, the compound is often discussed as a discontinued or failed drug-development candidate.

Researchers should evaluate GW-501516 based on its documented scientific literature, analytical testing, and experimental evidence rather than marketing claims.

Importantly, GW-501516 is not an approved medication, dietary supplement, or performance-enhancement product.

Product Quality & Analytical Testing

Why Testing Matters

Research-grade GW-501516 should undergo testing to verify:

• Identity

• Purity

• Stability

• Molecular composition

• Batch consistency

Common Testing Methods

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Used to evaluate purity and identify impurities.

Mass Spectrometry (MS)

Used to verify molecular mass and compound identity.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Used for structural characterization when appropriate.

Chromatographic Testing

Evaluates purity and potential degradation products.

Stability Testing

Measures compound integrity during storage.

Batch Consistency Testing

Verifies reproducibility across production lots.

Understanding GW-501516 Pricing

Several factors influence pricing among suppliers.

Product Purity

Higher-purity compounds often command premium pricing.

Analytical Verification

Comprehensive testing programs increase transparency while increasing manufacturing costs.

Manufacturing Standards

Strict quality-control systems often influence final pricing.

Research Demand

Ongoing interest in metabolic and nuclear-receptor research contributes to market demand.

Vendor Reputation

Established research suppliers frequently charge more due to stronger quality assurance programs.

GW-501516 Vendor Evaluation Checklist

Quality Verification

✅ Third-party testing available

✅ Certificate of Analysis provided

✅ Identity verification documented

✅ Purity information disclosed

✅ Batch-specific testing available

✅ Molecular-weight confirmation provided

Vendor Reliability

✅ Positive customer reviews

✅ Transparent company information

✅ Responsive customer support

✅ Reliable inventory availability

Purchasing Experience

✅ Secure checkout process

✅ Shipment tracking available

✅ Clear return policies

✅ Reliable order fulfillment

Red Flags When Comparing Vendors

Testing Concerns

❌ No third-party testing

❌ Missing COAs

❌ Unverified purity claims

❌ Missing identity testing

❌ Outdated laboratory reports

Transparency Issues

❌ Missing batch information

❌ No analytical documentation

❌ No molecular verification

❌ Incomplete product specifications

Service Problems

❌ Frequent stock shortages

❌ Poor communication

❌ Negative customer reviews

❌ Unclear shipping policies

Frequently Asked Questions

What is GW-501516?

GW-501516 (Cardarine) is an experimental small-molecule compound investigated as a selective PPARδ agonist.

Is GW-501516 a peptide?

No. GW-501516 is not a peptide. It is a synthetic small-molecule research compound with selective nuclear-receptor activity.

What is GW-501516 used for in research?

Researchers investigate GW-501516 in studies involving PPARδ signaling, lipid metabolism, fatty-acid oxidation, skeletal-muscle biology, energy metabolism, and gene-expression pathways.

Why compare GW-501516 vendors?

Purity, analytical testing, documentation quality, pricing, and supplier reliability can vary substantially among vendors.

What should researchers review before purchasing?

Researchers should evaluate:

• Certificate of Analysis (COA)

• HPLC purity results

• Mass spectrometry verification

• Compound identity confirmation

• Vendor reputation

• Customer reviews

Why is third-party testing important?

Independent laboratory testing helps verify identity, purity, and batch consistency while improving transparency and reproducibility.

Is the lowest-priced supplier always the best option?

No. Product quality, identity verification, laboratory testing, and supplier reliability are often more important than price alone.

How often should vendor comparisons be updated?

Pricing, inventory availability, analytical reports, and vendor policies can change frequently and should be reviewed regularly.

Final Thoughts

GW-501516 remains one of the most widely studied PPARδ agonists in metabolic and nuclear-receptor research due to its relationship with lipid metabolism, fatty-acid oxidation, skeletal-muscle physiology, cellular energy regulation, and gene-expression pathways. Its highly selective mechanism has made it an important experimental tool for investigating how nuclear receptors influence metabolic adaptation and energy utilization.

When comparing GW-501516 vendors, researchers should prioritize purity verification, third-party analytical testing, Certificate of Analysis availability, supplier reputation, and overall value rather than focusing solely on price. A structured vendor-comparison approach can help identify suppliers capable of meeting rigorous research-quality standards.