This PRODUCT IS INTENDED AS A RESEARCH CHEMICAL ONLY. This designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. All product information available on this website is for educational purposes only. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law. This product should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. This product is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and may not be misbranded, misused or mislabled as a drug, food or cosmetic.

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, PHM27) is a short peptide hormone made in the gut, pancreas, and brain of most vertebrate animals including humans. VIP binds to class II G protein-coupled receptors and is known to

VIP has long been an interest in research for all of the reasons above and more. There is a great deal of scientific literature on this particular peptide, making it nearly impossible to cover all of the many facets of VIP research. Below is a summary of some of the high points, including the most important aspect of VIP research – the finding that it VIP can reduce inflammation and fibrosis in a number of different organs.

VIP Peptide Structure

Amino Acid Sequence: HSDAVFTDNYXRLRKQMAVKKYLNSXLN Molecular Formula: C147H237N43O43S Molecular Weight: Human Gene: VIP; 6q25.2 PubChem CID: 44567960 CAS Number: 37221-79-7 Synonyms: VIP, PHM27, Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

VIP Research

Bowel Inflammation

As it turns out, one of the primary producers of VIP is the immune nerve fibers in blood vessels of the central and peripheral nervous systems and heart. Additionally, VIP is produced directly by cells of the immune system where it helps to promote Th2-type responses which can reduce inflammation and quiet the immune system. VIP and analogues derived from it have been heavily investigated as potential inflammatory mediators in intestinal disease, heart disease, and neuroinflammatory conditions[1], [2].

The various roles of VIP in immunomodulation:

In the setting of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) like Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis, VIP has been found to improve intestinal barrier homeostasis and reduce inflammation driven by Th1 cell actions[3]. This latter approach, in particular, appears to generate T cells capable of producing the inflammation suppressing peptide interleukin-10[4]. In recent years it has become apparent that Th1 inflammation is one of several important pathways in IBD.

The benefit of improved intestinal barrier function should not be understated as it is hypothesized to be a contributing cause in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. In particular, it is thought that compromised barrier function leads to increased antigenic material in the space between cells where it is more likely to interact with immune cells and set off an inflammatory response. Mitigating antigen presentation to immune cells via improved barrier function secondary to VIP would thus reduce what is believed to be one of the first steps in the cascade of events leading to colitis and severe inflammatory bowel disease[3].

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Lung Function

There are at least two ways in which VIP impacts lung function. In the first mechanism, VIP modulates pulmonary vascular remodeling in response to inflammation. It appears to have this effect though suppression of a peptide call NFAT, which activates T cells and leads to increased inflammation[5]. Consistent with its roll in modulating inflammation in other tissues, VIP appears to control T-cell mediate inflammation in the lungs, a process that heretofore has been difficult to address in models of inflammation. In particular, NFAT suppression may play a very important role in preventing pulmonary fibrosis, the end stage of a number of inflammatory conditions such as COPD, sarcoidosis, etc[6]. Thus, VIP may provide a very useful mechanism for preventing the kind of end stage lung disease that can only be cured by transplant and which often results in serious morbidity and even death.

VIP also appears to inhibit the proliferation of smooth muscles in pulmonary tissue. Smooth muscle cell proliferation is one of the long-term consequences of lung inflammation and is a particular problem in bronchial asthma that has been uncontrolled for extended periods[7]. There is hope that VIP will provide a mechanism by which to mitigate the effects of long-term inflammation secondary to asthma.

There is also exceptional evidence that the vasodilatory effects of VIP, which are known to help control blood pressure, may have a highly potent effect in pulmonary vasculature. Preliminary research shows that VIP lowers blood pressure significantly in the pulmonary artery, leading to increased cardiac output and improved venous oxygen saturation[8]. While more work remains to be done, there is significant hope that VIP will offer a new modality for improving lung function in the setting of primary vascular conditions.

VIP in Transplants

One of the primary problems with organ transplants is rejection by the body’s immune system. No matter how good the match between donor and recipient, the body mounts a response against transplanted organs that eventually leads to their destruction and failure. Currently, the only solution to this problem is the use of broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory medications. Unfortunately, these drugs can lead to susceptibility to serious infections and have side effects of their own, such as scarring and organ fibrosis, that can limit their use.

Research on VIP has revealed that the peptide affects dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are important in the immune response because they help the body to recognize antigens and mount appropriate countermeasures. By reducing DC proliferation and activation, VIP helps to thwart immune responses before they are even mounted. Interestingly, this function seems to favor DCs attached to antigens that are tolerogenic. In other words, VIP selectively inhibits the proliferation of DCs that might cause an autoimmune reaction. This is an area of active research as VIP could potentially reduce transplant rejection with fewer infection-promoting side effects[9]. This could make VIP or an analogue of it the foundation of transplant anti-rejection medicine in the future.

VIP as a Neuroprotectant

The role of VIP in the central nervous system is threefold: neurotransmitter, neurotrophic/neurogenic, and anti-inflammatory/neuroprotectant. As with the intestine, VIP’s role in the CNS begins with maintaining barriers. In this case, the peptide helps to maintain the very critical function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)[10]. The BBB is a layer of cellular protection between blood vessels and the tissue of the central nervous system. It regulates what enters neurological tissue and thus controls everything from nutrition and oxygenation to immune function. Compromise of the BBB has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis, encephalomyelitis, and even stroke.

VIP has also been shown to regulate the accumulation of beta amyloid in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease and is known to offer neuroprotective effects in Parkinson’s disease[11], [12]. There is also evidence that VIP is an important neuroprotectant in the developing brain where it helps to ward of excitotoxic white matter damage and improve neuron fatty acid myelination[13]. In the case of Parkinson’s disease, VIP appears to offer a similar benefit as in other inflammatory settings by shifting the immune balance away from inflammatory Th1 responses toward anti-inflammatory Th2 responses[14].

The exact role of VIP in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is less clear. Research shows that processing of VIP is inhibited in AD with levels of the peptide as well as amino acid byproducts being lower in the brains of people affected by AD[15], [16]. Again, the research is unclear at this point, but infusion of VIP into the brains of mice shows a substantial reduction in beta amyloid levels, proving that the peptide plays an important role in the pathophysiology of the disease.

The effects of VIP in protecting the CNS appear to be mediated through VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors. In both cases, stimulation appears to result in increased secretion of neurotrophic factors like ADNP (activity-dependent neurotrophic factor) and BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor). Both of these peptides help to protect synapses and astrocytes.

Cardiac Fibrosis

As with lung disease, fibrosis is the end stage of a number of different heart conditions. Cardiac fibrosis leads to a number of serious problems including valve dysfunction, decreases in contractility, changes in cardiac filling, and electrical problems. As in lung disease, cardiac fibrosis is the common end stage of many heart conditions and generally necessitates transplant in order to avoid mortality.

To date, most cardiac research has focused on preventing scar formation from occurring. A number of commonly used drugs can, at least to some extent, help to slow the process of cardiac remodeling that leads to scarring. Unfortunately, very few cases are 100% successful and most people experience progressive fibrosis and decline in cardiac function. Recent research in rats, however, indicates that VIP may not only slow fibrosis down, but can reverse scarring. It appears that at least part of this effect is mediated through a massive reduction in angiotensinogen and angiotensin receptor type 1a expression. This makes sense as angiotensin receptor blockers and ACE inhibitors have long been known to slow down cardiac modeling/fibrosis and are in fact the first line of prevention for fibrosis[17].

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and COVID 19

An interesting recent development out of Switzerland and the United States indicates that a synthetic version of VIP called aviptadil (RLF-100) may help to alleviate the lung complications in severe cases of Covid 19. Aviptadil, like VIP, inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In the lungs, this translates into protection of type-2 alveolar cells, the cells responsible for the bulk of oxygen exchange that takes place in the lungs. In fact, it appears that Aviptadil may actually prevent the SARS-2 coronavirus from penetrating these cells and infecting them. There are currently ongoing phase 2/3, placebo-controlled trials to investigate the effectiveness of this VIP derivative in protecting against serious complications of COVID 19[18].

According to Dr. Jonathan Javitt, CEO of NeuroRX (NeuroRX has paired with the maker of aviptadil to expedite development and use of the drug in the treatment of COVID), rapid recovery is seen in patients on ventilators and ECMO just three days after treatment with RLF-100. This is even that case in patients with severe medical comorbidities. The drugs has been administered on an emergency basis to patients too ill to be admitted to the clinical trial. Dr. Javitt points out that no antiviral agent has demonstrated the kind of rapid recovery from infection and demonstrated inhibition of viral replication the way that Aviptadil has.

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and COVID 19

VIP is a member of a much larger group of neuro and endocrine peptides. It has been shown to have a number of effects in relation to the central nervous system, GI tract, pulmonary tissue, and immune system. It is known to play an active role in embryonic growth and development.

Research shows that VIP can help to reduce inflammation throughout the body, but that it is particularly useful in the setting of neurodegenerative disease, pulmonary fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cardiac fibrosis. The peptide appears to be highly effective in a number of fibrotic pathways and may offer treatment benefits in the common process of fibrosis that leads to so much morbidity and mortality.

In addition to its antifibrotic effects, which appear to be mediated through anti-inflammatory actions, VIP is also a potent immune system regulator and general anti-inflammatory. The peptide has also been shown to protect the central nervous system against insult and is of active interest for its ability to preserve cognitive function in the setting of neurodegenerative disease.

Finally, synthetic versions of VIP have shown promise in treating COVID 19 and have been fast-tracked by the FDA for stage 2/3 clinical trials. This may ultimately prove beneficial for other VIP-related treatments as evidence from successful clinical trials can help to inform future clinical trials and provide pharmaceutical companies with incentive to pursue therapeutics that have an increased potential of being approved for use in humans. The next decade is likely to bring a great deal of innovation and research to vasoactive intestinal peptide.

VIP exhibits minimal side effects, low oral and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. Per kg dosage in mice does not scale to humans. VIP for sale at     peptide Review hub is limited to educational and scientific research only, not for human consumption. Only buy VIP if you are a licensed researcher.

Article Author

The above literature was researched, edited and organized by Dr. E. Logan, M.D. Dr. E. Logan holds a doctorate degree from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and a B.S. in molecular biology.

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a naturally occurring neuropeptide and peptide hormone widely studied in immunology, neuroscience, gastrointestinal physiology, pulmonary biology, cardiovascular research, and inflammation science. Researchers investigate VIP because of its relationship with immune regulation, tissue homeostasis, neuroprotection, vascular function, and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways.

As interest in neuroimmune and anti-inflammatory peptide research continues to grow, researchers frequently compare VIP suppliers based on purity, analytical testing, manufacturing standards, pricing, and supplier transparency.

This VIP Vendor Price Comparison Guide helps researchers evaluate suppliers using objective criteria including:

• Product Pricing

• Cost Per Milligram

• Product Purity

• Third-Party Testing

• Certificate of Analysis (COA)

• Vendor Reputation

• Customer Reviews

• Shipping Performance

• Product Availability

• Overall Value

Whether you're searching for the lowest-priced VIP supplier, the highest-purity research-grade material, or vendors offering extensive analytical verification, this guide provides a framework for comparing research peptide suppliers.

Explore VIP Vendors by Criteria

Most Popular VIP Vendors

Compare suppliers frequently selected by immunology, neuroscience, and inflammation researchers.

Highest Reviewed VIP Vendors

Discover peptide suppliers with strong customer satisfaction and positive marketplace reputations.

Lowest Price VIP Vendors

Identify suppliers offering competitive pricing and attractive cost-per-milligram value.

Highest Purity VIP Vendors

Review suppliers providing transparent purity verification and laboratory testing.

Best Value VIP Vendors

Compare pricing, testing standards, documentation quality, and customer support.

Fastest Shipping VIP Vendors

Evaluate shipping reliability, package handling, and fulfillment speed.

Newly Listed VIP Vendors

Explore recently added suppliers offering VIP research peptides.

What Is VIP?

Overview

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a naturally occurring peptide hormone produced in the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, central nervous system, and peripheral nervous system.

Researchers investigate VIP because of its relationship with:

• Immune-system regulation

• Neuroprotection

• Gastrointestinal physiology

• Pulmonary function

• Vascular biology

• Inflammatory signaling

• Tissue homeostasis

• Cellular communication

VIP remains one of the most extensively studied neuroimmune peptides in biomedical research.

Molecular Characteristics

Peptide Information

Researchers evaluating VIP products should carefully review analytical documentation and molecular specifications.

Peptide Name

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)

Alternative Names

• VIP

• Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide

• PHM27

Classification

Neuropeptide & Peptide Hormone

Research Category

Immunology, Neuroscience & Inflammation Research

Human Gene

VIP (6q25.2)

Amino Acid Sequence

HSDAVFTDNYXRLRKQMAVKKYLNSXLN

Molecular Formula

C147H237N43O43S

PubChem CID

44567960

CAS Number

37221-79-7

Product Format

Lyophilized Peptide Preparation

Why Researchers Study VIP

VIP has generated significant scientific interest because of its widespread biological activity across multiple organ systems.

Researchers investigate pathways involving:

• Immune signaling

• Cytokine regulation

• Neuroprotection

• Barrier integrity

• Anti-inflammatory communication

• Fibrosis-associated pathways

Its broad physiological role makes VIP one of the most versatile peptides in modern research.

VIP & Immune-System Research

Immune Modulation

One of the primary areas of VIP research involves immune-system regulation.

Researchers investigate pathways involving:

• T-cell signaling

• Cytokine production

• Immune communication

• Inflammatory regulation

• Cellular immune responses

This remains one of the largest areas of scientific investigation.

Anti-Inflammatory Research

Researchers continue studying pathways involving:

• Immune balance

• Inflammatory mediators

• Cytokine signaling

• Cellular adaptation

• Tissue-protective responses

Further studies remain ongoing.

VIP & Gastrointestinal Research

Intestinal Barrier Research

VIP is widely studied because of its relationship with gastrointestinal physiology.

Researchers investigate pathways involving:

• Intestinal barrier integrity

• Gut-cell communication

• Mucosal maintenance

• Inflammatory signaling

• Gastrointestinal homeostasis

These pathways remain central to VIP research.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research

Scientists continue examining pathways involving:

• Intestinal inflammation

• T-cell activity

• Immune regulation

• Barrier function

• Cytokine biology

Further investigation remains ongoing.

VIP & Pulmonary Research

Lung Function Research

Researchers investigate VIP because of its relationship with pulmonary physiology.

Research includes pathways involving:

• Pulmonary signaling

• Respiratory-system regulation

• Airway biology

• Vascular adaptation

• Lung-tissue communication

This remains a rapidly expanding area of study.

Pulmonary Fibrosis Research

Scientists continue studying mechanisms involving:

• Fibrosis-associated signaling

• Tissue remodeling

• Inflammatory regulation

• Cellular adaptation

• Lung-tissue maintenance

Further investigations remain active.

Pulmonary Vascular Research

Researchers examine pathways involving:

• Pulmonary circulation

• Vascular relaxation

• Endothelial signaling

• Blood-flow regulation

• Respiratory physiology

Additional studies continue in this field.

VIP & Neurological Research

Neuroprotection Research

VIP has generated significant interest in neuroscience because of its relationship with:

• Neuronal survival

• Brain-cell communication

• Neuroimmune regulation

• Synaptic maintenance

• Cellular resilience

This remains a major area of scientific investigation.

Blood-Brain Barrier Research

Researchers investigate pathways involving:

• Barrier integrity

• Neural protection

• Cellular communication

• Neurovascular regulation

• Central nervous system homeostasis

Further research remains ongoing.

Neurodegenerative Disease Research

Scientists continue studying pathways involving:

• Brain aging

• Neuroinflammation

• Cognitive function

• Cellular adaptation

• Neuronal signaling

Additional investigations continue expanding understanding in this field.

Alzheimer's Disease Research

Research involving VIP frequently examines:

• Amyloid-associated pathways

• Cognitive resilience

• Neuronal communication

• Neuroprotective signaling

• Brain-cell maintenance

This remains an active area of interest.

Parkinson's Disease Research

Researchers investigate pathways involving:

• Neuroimmune communication

• Neuronal resilience

• Inflammatory signaling

• Cellular protection

• Brain physiology

Further studies remain ongoing.

VIP & Cardiovascular Research

Vascular Biology Research

VIP remains an important peptide in vascular research.

Researchers investigate pathways involving:

• Blood-vessel communication

• Endothelial function

• Vascular adaptation

• Circulatory physiology

• Hemodynamic regulation

Cardiac Fibrosis Research

Scientists continue exploring pathways involving:

• Fibrotic signaling

• Tissue remodeling

• Cellular communication

• Cardiovascular adaptation

• Structural maintenance

Research remains active in this area.

Blood Pressure Research

Researchers also investigate relationships involving:

• Vascular relaxation

• Circulatory-system regulation

• Endothelial signaling

• Cardiovascular communication

• Physiological homeostasis

VIP & Transplant Research

Immune Tolerance Research

VIP has also been studied for its influence on:

• Dendritic-cell biology

• Immune recognition

• Cellular communication

• Immune adaptation

• Tolerance-associated pathways

These remain important areas of modern immunology research.

Why Researchers Compare VIP Vendors

Research reproducibility depends heavily on peptide quality and manufacturing consistency.

Differences among suppliers may include:

• Product purity

• Batch consistency

• Stability testing

• Manufacturing standards

• Storage procedures

• Analytical verification

• Product documentation

• Quality-control systems

Careful supplier selection helps improve consistency and reliability across research studies.

How We Compare VIP Vendors

Third-Party Laboratory Testing

Independent testing remains one of the strongest indicators of peptide quality.

Researchers should prioritize suppliers offering:

• Third-party laboratory testing

• Identity verification

• Purity confirmation

• Batch-specific reports

Certificate of Analysis (COA)

A quality COA should contain:

• Batch number

• Testing date

• Purity percentage

• Identity verification

• Analytical methodology

Product Purity

Purity remains one of the most important variables when evaluating research peptides.

Higher-purity products generally contribute to improved reproducibility and experimental consistency.

Cost Per Milligram

Comparing vial prices alone may not accurately reflect overall value.

Cost Per Milligram Formula

Product Price ÷ Total Milligrams = Cost Per Milligram

This metric helps standardize supplier comparisons.

Customer Reviews

Customer experiences often provide insight regarding:

• Product consistency

• Packaging quality

• Shipping reliability

• Customer support

• Purchasing experience

Vendor Reputation

Established suppliers often demonstrate:

• Transparent testing standards

• Reliable quality-control procedures

• Consistent inventory availability

• Strong customer satisfaction

Product Quality & Analytical Testing

Why Testing Matters

Research-grade VIP products should undergo testing to verify:

• Identity

• Purity

• Stability

• Composition

• Batch consistency

Common Testing Methods

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Used to evaluate purity and identify impurities.

Mass Spectrometry (MS)

Used to verify molecular identity and composition.

Identity Verification Testing

Confirms peptide authenticity.

Stability Testing

Measures peptide integrity during storage.

Batch Consistency Testing

Evaluates reproducibility across manufacturing lots.

Understanding VIP Pricing

Several factors influence supplier pricing.

Product Purity

Higher-purity products often command premium pricing.

Complex Manufacturing

VIP is a relatively large peptide requiring advanced synthesis and purification procedures.

Analytical Verification

Comprehensive testing programs improve transparency while increasing production costs.

Research Demand

Growing interest in neuroimmune and anti-inflammatory research contributes to market demand.

Vendor Reputation

Established suppliers often command higher pricing due to rigorous quality-assurance standards.

VIP Vendor Evaluation Checklist

Quality Verification

✅ Third-party testing available

✅ Certificate of Analysis provided

✅ Identity verification documented

✅ Purity information disclosed

✅ Batch-specific testing available

✅ Stability information available

Vendor Reliability

✅ Positive customer reviews

✅ Transparent company information

✅ Responsive customer support

✅ Reliable inventory availability

Purchasing Experience

✅ Secure checkout process

✅ Shipment tracking available

✅ Clear refund policies

✅ Reliable order fulfillment

Red Flags When Comparing Vendors

Testing Concerns

❌ No third-party testing

❌ Missing COAs

❌ Unverified purity claims

❌ Missing identity verification

❌ Outdated laboratory reports

Transparency Issues

❌ Hidden specifications

❌ Missing batch information

❌ Limited analytical documentation

❌ No supplier contact information

Service Problems

❌ Frequent inventory shortages

❌ Poor communication

❌ Negative customer reviews

❌ Unclear shipping policies

Frequently Asked Questions

What is VIP?

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) is a naturally occurring neuropeptide and peptide hormone investigated for its role in immune regulation, inflammation biology, gastrointestinal physiology, pulmonary function, and neuroprotection.

What is VIP used for in research?

Researchers investigate VIP in studies involving inflammatory bowel disease, pulmonary biology, fibrosis pathways, neurodegenerative disease, immune regulation, cardiovascular physiology, and transplant-related immune responses.

Why compare VIP vendors?

Purity, analytical testing, supplier reliability, pricing, and documentation quality can vary significantly among peptide vendors.

What should researchers review before purchasing?

Researchers should evaluate:

• Certificate of Analysis (COA)

• Third-party laboratory testing

• Purity verification

• Identity confirmation

• Vendor reputation

• Customer reviews

Why is third-party testing important?

Independent testing helps verify peptide identity, purity, composition, and batch consistency while improving transparency and reproducibility.

Is the lowest-priced supplier always the best option?

No. Product quality, testing standards, analytical verification, and supplier reliability are generally more important than price alone.

How often should vendor comparisons be updated?

Pricing, laboratory reports, inventory availability, and supplier policies can change frequently and should be reviewed regularly.

Final Thoughts

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) remains one of the most extensively researched neuroimmune peptides because of its relationship with inflammation control, immune regulation, gastrointestinal physiology, pulmonary health, neuroprotection, vascular biology, and fibrosis-associated pathways. Ongoing investigations continue expanding scientific understanding of VIP's role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and regulating inflammatory responses across multiple organ systems.

When comparing VIP vendors, researchers should prioritize purity verification, third-party analytical testing, Certificate of Analysis availability, supplier reputation, and overall value rather than focusing exclusively on cost. A structured vendor-comparison process can help identify suppliers capable of meeting rigorous research-quality standards.