THIS PRODUCT IS INTENDED AS A RESEARCH CHEMICAL ONLY. This designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. All product information available on this website is for educational purposes only. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law. This product should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. This product is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and may not be misbranded, misused or mislabled as a drug, food or cosmetic.

What Is PT-141?

PT-141, also called bremelanotide, is sometimes referred to as the female Viagra because the peptide was previously investigated in phase IIb human clinical trials for use in treating female hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). PT-141 is a melanocortin that binds primarily to melanocortin 4 receptor (MC-4R) and MC-1R. In 2009, PT-141 was also investigated as a treatment for acute hemorrhage. PT-141 is a derivative of another synthetic melanocortin, melanotan 2 (MT-2).

PT-141 Molecular Structure

Sequence: Ac-Nle-Asp(1)-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys(1) Molecular Formula: C50H68N14O10 Molecular Weight: 1025.182 g/mol PubChem CID: 9941379 CAS Number: 189691-06-3

PT-141 Research

PT-141 and Sexual Arousal

PT-141 is a unique peptide in that it stimulates the MC-4R, which is known to produce sexual arousal in the central nervous system and influence sexual behavior[1], [2]. Studies in mice have shown that agonist binding to MC-4R causes sexual arousal and increased copulation in both males and females[3], [4]. Because PT-141 works via a different mechanism than drugs like Viagra, it is possible to treat sexual arousal disorders in both men and women that stem from causes other than reduced blood flow to the genitals.

A study of men with erectile dysfunction (ED) who did not respond to sildenafil (Viagra) found that roughly one third experienced adequate erection for sexual intercourse with PT-141 (administered via nasal spray). There was also a strong dose-dependent response in the trial, indicating that PT-141 is indeed effective in certain cases[]. This suggests that PT-141 could offer insight into correcting ED in settings where sildenafil has failed and may offer insight into central causes of hypoactive sexual desire.

Duration of penile base rigidity greater than 60% for placebo compared to various doses of PT-141.

Interestingly, PT-141 was pulled from clinical trials before it reached approval for use in women suffering from HSDD. This is despite signs that the drug increased the number of satisfying sexual events per month and decreased female sexual distress scores in a statistically significant manner without any substantial side effects[6]. Many experts who treat female sexual dysfunction (FSD) were dismayed to find the peptide was not being advanced despite positive results. They point to a lack of established endpoints for trials of FSD and sociocultural biases against women’s sexual health as the primary roadblocks that are inhibiting approval of what they see as much-needed therapies[7]. They hope that greater attention will be given to the topic and that the FDA will establish more concrete guidelines for evaluating therapies like PT-141 that can offer benefit. These experts also expressed dismay that the pharmacological treatments were not tested in conjunction with other established means of treating sexual dysfunction as they believe that the combination may prove synergistic and that peptides like PT-141 may be useful for overcoming initial barriers and jump-starting psychological treatment modalities.

In 2017, partly in response to the outcry against the cessation of earlier trials, Phase II Reconnect trials were launched using subcutaneous injections of PT-141 for FSD. The newest version of PT-141, called Rekynda, may soon be available for use in the United States. It would be legal to use PT-141 off-label, at that point, to treat both male and female sexual dysfunction[8]. These new trials have relied on the kind of modified endpoints that experts in FSD have touted as beneficial to seeing these kinds of treatments approved.

PT-141 and Hemorrhage

In 2009, PT-141 was modified slightly and investigated as a potential treatment for hemorrhagic shock. Because PT-141 binds to both MC-1R and MC-4R, it reduces ischemia and protects tissues against inadequate blood supply in the setting of hypovolemic (hemorrhagic) shock. The drug, when administered intravenously, does not produce substantial side effects. It was last in phase IIb trials. The modified version of PT-141 is referred to as PL-6983.

PT-141 and Infection

The MC-1R has been found, in a rat model of a specific fungal infection, to possess important anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory properties[9]. This is of particular importance because current anti-fungals are limited in terms of their mechanism of action and all produce serious and treatment-limiting side effects in certain patients. Having an alternative to use in the treatment of fungal infections could reduce morbidity and mortality substantially, especially in patients with immune compromise.

PT-141 and Cancer

The MC-1R receptor is an important stimulus of DNA repair pathways and thus is of interest in cancer treatment and prevention[10]. Research shows that people with variants of MC-1R are at increased risk for both basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma[11]. Altered PT-141 may be able to correct the problems experienced as a result of these variants and prevent or treat these cancers.

PT-141 and Weight Loss

Research shows that the MC-4R plays a critical role in appetite regulation. Peptides like melanotan 2 and PT-141, which are agonists of the MC-4R, promote feelings of satiety and decrease total calorie intake. It appears that PT-141 also interacts with leptin signaling pathways to regulate food intake in a complex manner. This should not come as a surprise given that PT-141 is a derivative of α-MSH, which has been found to negatively regulate food intake via interactions with the ghrelin-leptin system.

There is also evidence, from animal studies, to suggest that PT-141 increases energy expenditure by uncoupling certain energy pathways. This leads to an increase basal metabolism. Research in mice shows that activation of the MC-4R can increase thermogenesis, even in mice genetically modified to be deficient in the proteins that regulate this process[13]. The result is increased calorie burn, even at rest, with most of the calorie burn taking place in adipose tissue.

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials have recently supported the above physiological findings and have confirmed that PT-141 leads to significant weight loss, primarily as a result of decreased caloric intake. Subjects given PT-141 lost roughly twice as much weight as those in the placebo arm of the study. Overall, the caloric intake reduction amounted to nearly 400 kcal/day. There was also a dose-response in the research, with subjects losing more weight when administered PT-141 twice per day rather than once per day[14]. PT-141 and its melanocortin receptor interactions are now under active investigation to better understand the role of the melanocortin system in weight loss and energy balance.

PT-141 Research Directions

Right now, PT-141 has received widespread and intense attention as a treatment for sexual dysfunction. There is, however, a great deal of potential research outside of sexual dysfunction and hemorrhage that PT-141 could be applied to. For instance, MC-4R is well-known to be defective or missing in certain cases of obesity and may account for as much as 6% of all cases of early-onset obesity. PT-141 offers a unique means of exploring this particular cause of obesity and potentially illustrating a pathway for intervention. MC-1R plays roles in both pain and inflammation, as well as kidney pathology and the spread of infection. There is a plethora of available research that PT-141 could help to shed light on.

PT-141 exhibits minimal side effects, low oral and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. Per kg dosage in mice does not scale to humans. PT-141 for sale at                         peptide Review hub is limited to educational and scientific research only, not for human consumption. Only buy PT-141 if you are a licensed researcher.

Article Author

The above literature was researched, edited and organized by Dr. Logan, M.D. Dr. Logan holds a doctorate degree from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and a B.S. in molecular biology.

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a synthetic melanocortin peptide that has been extensively studied in melanocortin receptor biology, neuroendocrine signaling, sexual-behavior research, appetite regulation, energy balance, and metabolic signaling. Researchers investigate PT-141 because of its activity at melanocortin receptors, particularly MC4R and MC1R, making it an important experimental tool for studying central nervous system signaling and melanocortin-mediated physiological pathways.

As interest in melanocortin research continues to grow, researchers frequently compare PT-141 suppliers based on purity, analytical testing, manufacturing quality, pricing, and supplier transparency.

This PT-141 Vendor Price Comparison Guide helps researchers evaluate suppliers using objective criteria including:

• Product Pricing

• Cost Per Milligram

• Product Purity

• Third-Party Testing

• Certificate of Analysis (COA)

• Vendor Reputation

• Customer Reviews

• Shipping Performance

• Product Availability

• Overall Value

Whether you're searching for the lowest-priced PT-141 supplier, the highest-purity research-grade material, or vendors offering extensive analytical verification, this guide provides a framework for comparing peptide suppliers.

Explore PT-141 Vendors by Criteria

Most Popular PT-141 Vendors

Compare suppliers frequently selected by neuroscience and melanocortin researchers.

Highest Reviewed PT-141 Vendors

Discover peptide suppliers with strong customer satisfaction and positive industry reputations.

Lowest Price PT-141 Vendors

Identify suppliers offering competitive pricing and attractive cost-per-milligram value.

Highest Purity PT-141 Vendors

Review vendors providing transparent purity verification and analytical testing.

Best Value PT-141 Vendors

Compare pricing, testing standards, laboratory documentation, and customer support.

Fastest Shipping PT-141 Vendors

Evaluate order fulfillment, shipping reliability, and packaging quality.

Newly Listed PT-141 Vendors

Explore recently added suppliers offering PT-141 research peptides.

What Is PT-141?

Overview

PT-141, also known as Bremelanotide, is a synthetic melanocortin peptide derived from Melanotan II (MT-2).

Researchers investigate PT-141 because of its relationship with:

• Melanocortin receptor signaling

• MC4R biology

• MC1R biology

• Neuroendocrine signaling

• Sexual-behavior research

• Appetite regulation

• Energy homeostasis

• Metabolic signaling pathways

PT-141 remains one of the most extensively studied melanocortin peptides in modern peptide research.

Molecular Characteristics

Peptide Information

Researchers evaluating PT-141 products should carefully review analytical documentation and product specifications.

Peptide Name

PT-141

Alternative Name

Bremelanotide

Parent Compound

Melanotan II (MT-2) Derivative

Amino Acid Sequence

Ac-Nle-Asp(1)-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys(1)

Molecular Formula

C50H68N14O10

Molecular Weight

1025.182 g/mol

PubChem CID

994179

CAS Number

189691-06-3

Classification

Synthetic Melanocortin Peptide

Research Category

Melanocortin & Neuroendocrine Research

Why Researchers Compare PT-141 Vendors

Research reproducibility depends heavily on peptide quality and manufacturing consistency.

Differences among suppliers may include:

• Product purity

• Batch consistency

• Stability testing

• Manufacturing standards

• Analytical verification

• Product documentation

• Storage procedures

• Quality-control systems

Careful supplier selection helps improve laboratory reliability and experimental consistency.

How We Compare PT-141 Vendors

Third-Party Laboratory Testing

Independent testing remains one of the strongest indicators of peptide quality.

Researchers should prioritize suppliers offering:

• Third-party laboratory testing

• Identity verification

• Purity analysis

• Batch-specific analytical reports

Certificate of Analysis (COA)

A quality COA should include:

• Batch number

• Testing date

• Purity percentage

• Identity confirmation

• Analytical methodology

Product Purity

Purity remains one of the most important variables when evaluating research peptides.

Higher-purity products generally contribute to improved reproducibility and experimental consistency.

Cost Per Milligram

Comparing vial prices alone may not accurately represent value.

Cost Per Milligram Formula

Product Price ÷ Total Milligrams = Cost Per Milligram

This provides a more meaningful comparison between suppliers.

Customer Reviews

Customer feedback often provides insight regarding:

• Product consistency

• Packaging quality

• Shipping reliability

• Customer support

• Overall purchasing experience

Vendor Reputation

Established suppliers often demonstrate:

• Transparent testing procedures

• Reliable quality-control systems

• Consistent inventory availability

• Positive customer satisfaction

Current Research & Evidence

Melanocortin Receptor Research

The primary focus of PT-141 research involves melanocortin receptor signaling.

Researchers continue investigating:

• MC4R activation

• MC1R signaling

• Neuroendocrine regulation

• Central nervous system pathways

• Receptor-mediated signaling mechanisms

This remains the foundation of PT-141 research.

Neuroendocrine Research

Scientists continue studying PT-141 because of its relationship with:

• Brain signaling pathways

• Neuroendocrine communication

• Behavioral regulation

• Hormonal signaling

• Receptor-mediated physiological responses

This remains one of the most active areas of investigation.

Key Areas of PT-141 Research

Sexual Behavior Research

Researchers investigate PT-141 because of its interaction with melanocortin signaling systems associated with sexual behavior pathways.

Areas of investigation include:

• Central nervous system signaling

• Neurobehavioral regulation

• Melanocortin receptor activation

• Sexual arousal pathways

• Neuroendocrine communication

Further studies continue.

Appetite Regulation Research

Research has examined pathways involving:

• Satiety signaling

• Food intake regulation

• Appetite-related neurocircuitry

• Energy-balance mechanisms

• Nutritional signaling pathways

This remains a significant area of melanocortin research.

Energy Metabolism Research

Scientists investigate relationships involving:

• Energy expenditure

• Metabolic regulation

• Thermogenic signaling

• Energy homeostasis

• Metabolic adaptation pathways

Additional research remains ongoing.

Weight Regulation Research

Experimental studies continue evaluating:

• Caloric intake mechanisms

• Body-composition signaling

• Melanocortin-mediated responses

• Energy-balance pathways

• Appetite-associated biology

These remain active research fields.

Hemorrhagic Shock Research

Modified variants related to PT-141 have been investigated in studies involving:

• Tissue perfusion

• Ischemic stress

• Hemodynamic responses

• Vascular biology

• Cellular protection mechanisms

This represents an additional area of scientific investigation.

Inflammation & Immune Research

Researchers have explored pathways associated with:

• MC1R signaling

• Inflammatory regulation

• Cellular stress responses

• Host-defense pathways

• Experimental immune-system biology

Further research remains ongoing.

Cancer Biology Research

The melanocortin receptor system has also attracted attention in studies involving:

• DNA-repair pathways

• Cellular stress responses

• Molecular oncology

• Receptor signaling biology

• Experimental cancer models

Additional investigation is required to better understand these relationships.

Mechanism of Research Interest

The primary scientific interest in PT-141 is its ability to activate melanocortin receptors, particularly:

Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R)

Researchers investigate:

• Appetite signaling

• Neurobehavioral regulation

• Energy balance

• Central nervous system pathways

Melanocortin-1 Receptor (MC1R)

Researchers examine:

• Inflammatory pathways

• Cellular stress responses

• DNA-repair signaling

• Tissue-protection mechanisms

This dual receptor activity helps make PT-141 a valuable research tool.

Why Researchers Study PT-141

PT-141 remains one of the most versatile melanocortin peptides currently investigated.

Common research applications include:

• Melanocortin receptor biology

• Neuroendocrine signaling

• Sexual-behavior research

• Appetite regulation

• Energy-balance studies

• Obesity-related signaling

• Metabolic science

• Receptor pharmacology

Its broad receptor activity continues to drive scientific interest.

Research Limitations

Most findings involving PT-141 originate from:

• Cell-culture studies

• Animal models

• Laboratory investigations

• Clinical and preclinical research

Additional studies remain necessary to fully characterize biological mechanisms and long-term outcomes.

Research findings should not be interpreted as evidence of approved applications for research-grade PT-141 products.

Product Quality & Analytical Testing

Why Testing Matters

Research-grade PT-141 products should undergo testing to verify:

• Identity

• Purity

• Stability

• Molecular composition

• Batch consistency

Common Testing Methods

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Used to evaluate purity and identify impurities.

Mass Spectrometry (MS)

Used to verify molecular identity and molecular weight.

Identity Verification Testing

Confirms peptide authenticity.

Stability Testing

Measures peptide integrity under defined storage conditions.

Batch Consistency Testing

Evaluates reproducibility between manufacturing lots.

Understanding PT-141 Pricing

Several factors influence pricing among peptide suppliers.

Product Purity

Higher-purity products often command premium pricing.

Analytical Verification

Comprehensive testing programs improve transparency while increasing production costs.

Manufacturing Standards

Strict quality-control systems often influence final pricing.

Research Demand

Growing interest in melanocortin biology and neuroendocrine research contributes to demand.

Vendor Reputation

Trusted suppliers often command premium pricing due to established quality-assurance practices.

PT-141 Vendor Evaluation Checklist

Quality Verification

✅ Third-party testing available

✅ Certificate of Analysis provided

✅ Identity verification documented

✅ Purity information disclosed

✅ Batch-specific testing available

✅ Stability data available

Vendor Reliability

✅ Positive customer reviews

✅ Transparent company information

✅ Responsive customer support

✅ Reliable inventory availability

Purchasing Experience

✅ Secure checkout process

✅ Shipment tracking available

✅ Clear return policies

✅ Reliable order fulfillment

Red Flags When Comparing Vendors

Testing Concerns

❌ No third-party testing

❌ Missing COAs

❌ Unverified purity claims

❌ Missing identity verification

❌ Outdated laboratory reports

Transparency Issues

❌ Missing peptide specifications

❌ No batch information

❌ Limited analytical documentation

❌ No supplier contact information

Service Problems

❌ Frequent inventory shortages

❌ Poor customer communication

❌ Negative customer reviews

❌ Unclear shipping policies

Frequently Asked Questions

What is PT-141?

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a synthetic melanocortin peptide derived from Melanotan II and studied primarily for melanocortin receptor signaling.

What is PT-141 used for in research?

Researchers investigate PT-141 in studies involving MC4R biology, MC1R signaling, neuroendocrine communication, appetite regulation, energy metabolism, sexual-behavior research, and melanocortin pharmacology.

What receptors does PT-141 target?

Research primarily focuses on PT-141's interaction with melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R).

Why compare PT-141 vendors?

Purity, analytical testing, documentation quality, pricing, and supplier reliability can vary substantially among peptide suppliers.

What should researchers review before purchasing?

Researchers should evaluate:

• Certificate of Analysis (COA)

• HPLC purity results

• Mass spectrometry verification

• Identity confirmation

• Vendor reputation

• Customer reviews

Why is third-party testing important?

Independent laboratory testing helps verify peptide identity, purity, and batch consistency while improving transparency and reproducibility.

Is the lowest-priced supplier always the best option?

No. Product quality, analytical testing, supplier reputation, and documentation quality are often more important than price alone.

How often should vendor comparisons be updated?

Pricing, inventory levels, laboratory reports, and supplier policies can change frequently and should be reviewed regularly.

Final Thoughts

PT-141 remains one of the most extensively studied melanocortin peptides due to its relationship with MC4R and MC1R signaling, neuroendocrine pathways, appetite regulation, energy metabolism, and receptor pharmacology. Ongoing research continues to expand scientific understanding of melanocortin biology and receptor-mediated physiological responses.

When comparing PT-141 vendors, researchers should prioritize purity verification, third-party analytical testing, Certificate of Analysis availability, supplier reputation, and overall value rather than focusing solely on price. A structured vendor-comparison process can help identify suppliers capable of meeting rigorous research-quality standards.