Product Usage: This PRODUCT IS INTENDED AS A RESEARCH CHEMICAL ONLY. This designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. All product information available on this website is for educational purposes only. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law. This product should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. This product is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and may not be misbranded, misused or mislabled as a drug, food or cosmetic.

What Is Follistatin 315?

Follistatin 315 is one of three naturally occurring isoforms of follistatin. All forms of the globular protein bind activin, a protein that has a variety of effects depending on the tissue under consideration. For instance, activin induces cell proliferation in some tissues and restricts it in others. Follistatin, which inactivates activin, therefore has the opposite effects. The actions of follistatin are not just limited to activin, however. It also binds to myostatin in muscle tissue, dramatically boosting muscle cell proliferation and growth. Research shows that follistatin is also involved in the inflammatory response, plays a role in development of the embryo, and influences fertility.

Follistatin 315 Structure

Structure of the unedited (full-sized) follistatin protein .

Molecular Weight: 3470 g/mol PubChem CID: 178101631 (Full follistatin protein) Synonyms: Activin-Binding Protein, FSH-Suppressing Protein, FST, FST-315

Follistatin 315 Research

The full effects of follistatin are not entirely known. The protein was first isolated from ovarian follicular fluid and was described as an inhibitor of follicle-stimulating hormone. Research has revealed that the intact protein begins as a 344-amino-acid precursor that is modified to create follistatin 315, 300, or 288. These various isoforms have similar effects, but are found in different tissues.

Research shows that disrupting the follistatin gene in newborn mice results in death within hours as a result of failed lung development. The knockout mice also have shiny skin, a number of facial deformities, defects in the axial skeleton, and impaired ovarian development. Attempts to rescue these mice by genetically engineering them to produce human follistatin 315 has revealed that the protein plays roles in blood vessel growth, muscle development, fat deposition, regulation of inflammation, and heart muscle function.

Follistatin 315 Research and Muscle Function

Early research on follistatin 315 led to the production of the mighty mouse, an experimental mouse that had four times the amount of muscle compared to the average mouse. Research showed that knocking out the myostatin gene gave these mice twice the muscle mass of controls. Extending that research revealed that a dual-approach that involved knocking out myostatin gene and stimulating the overproduction of follistatin could boost muscle growth even further. With follistatin turned up and myostatin turned down/off, mice in the experiment developed four times the muscle mass of regular mice These findings indicate that follistatin likely affects muscle growth in several ways. First, it inhibits myostatin and thus reduces the limits it puts on muscle growth. Second, follistatin clearly stimulates muscle growth via a pathway that does not involve myostatin. To date, that pathway has not be determined.

Research in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) indicates that follistatin offsets the loss of skeletal muscle common in this condition. It is important to note that muscle loss in SMA is a secondary effect caused by death of the nerve cells, in the spinal cord, that connect to muscles. Even though follistatin acts to inhibit myostatin, and therefore should primarily affect muscle tissue, mice in the experimental group showed both enhanced muscle mass compared to controls as well as improved numbers of ventral horn cells in their spinal cords. These mice had better motor function as well and lived an average of 30% longer than untreated mice[3].

Testing of follistatin in monkeys indicates that the peptide can boost muscle growth in the setting of inclusion body myositis, an inflammatory disease that limits muscle growth by damaging muscle cells and causing the release of myostatin[4].

In short, follistatin is a potent simulator of muscle development that has at least two mechanisms. The second has yet to be elucidated, but the first involves inhibition of myostatin. It is possible that follistatin has a stimulating effect on the nerves that supply the muscles and boosts both tone and mass that way.

The Role of Follistatin in Inflammation

Follistatin appears to play a role in regulating the inflammatory response in a number of different tissues and disease conditions. Recent research in mice with a form of rheumatoid arthritis has indicated that over-expression of activin A or under expression of follistatin leads to worsening of disease. Follistatin inhibits the effects of activin A, so this dichotomy is not unexpected[5]. Supplementing with follistatin reverses these effects and helps to reduce the clinical signs and symptoms of arthritis.

Previous research in asthma has shown elevated activin A levels in patients with mild-to-moderate disease. There is also a correlation of activin A levels with laboratory markers of disease severity[6]. Though follistatin levels in asthma are at normal levels, they are well below what would be needed to offset the inflammation caused by excess activin A. Supplementing mice with follistatin via intranasal administration inhibits the kind of airway remodeling often seen in asthma[7]. Preventing airway remodeling could help to reduce the long-term complications of asthma, reduce disease severity, and lessen the need for both controller and rescue medications. This function of follistatin would extend beyond asthma to help treat a number of inflammatory diseases of the lung such as sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and more.

In fact, inflammation and remodeling leading to fibrosis are common reasons for failed lung transplants. This pathway of eventual transplant failure has been linked to dysregulation of activin A. There is hope that follistatin supplementation may help to reduce remodeling in transplanted lungs and thus prolong survival in this vulnerable patient population.

Extensive research indicates that activin likely plays a role in the onset of a number of inflammatory responses to disease including cachexia, septicemia, and fibrosis. Follistatin, which blocks the proinflammatory and profibrotic functions of activin A is being investigated as a potential treatment for diseases ranging from asthma to colitis[8].

Follistatin has even been found to inhibit the fibrosis associated with radiation therapy. In a mouse model of radiation therapy, follistatin protected against the typical inflammatory responses of increased epidermal thickness and cell nucleus area. It also decreased expression of transforming growth factor beta and smooth muscle actin, both of which are associated with fibrosis[9]. Follistatin may therefore be a useful adjuvant to radiation therapy, allowing for higher doses or prolonged treatment and thus greater rates of remission and even cure. As it turns out, the same effects are seen in chemotherpeutic treatments often associated with fibrosis. Bleomycin is a notorious chemotherapeutic agent in causing fibrosis, but is useful in the setting of a number of different cancers, especially lung cancer. Research in rats shows that follistatin reduces cell infiltration of lung tissues, prevents remodeling, and attenuates fibrosis for up to a month after the peptide is injected[10].

Blood Vessel Growth

Follistatin and activin have conflicting effects on cell proliferation that change depending on the cell type involved. In smooth muscle, activin boosts cell proliferation. It inhibits, however, the growth of endothelial cells. Under normal conditions of growth, endothelial cells express follistatin during their early development in order to ward off the effects of activin A.

Research in mice indicates that follistatin can enhance the function of endothelial cells, particularly during responses to injury. Injection of follistatin in the setting of ischemia, for instance, boosts blood vessel function and helps the body to restore blood flow to deprived tissues[11]. This could make follistatin useful in the treatment of stroke and heart attack, but may also make it useful in settings where accelerated blood vessel growth is beneficial. Examples of such settings include muscle repair following injury, in patients recovering from burns, and in post-surgical applications where tissue viability is dependent on rapid return of blood flow.

Follistatin Research in Kidney Disease

The fact that positive results on inflammation are associated with follistatin as well as the fact that the protein plays a role in stimulating blood vessel growth led scientists to explore whether follistatin might impact kidney disease as the condition combines both dysregulated inflammatory responses and dysfunctional blood vessel growth in its overall pathology. In mouse models of the disease, administering follistatin reduced both cell death and measures of oxidative damage as well as overall scarring (fibrosis)[12]. As a therapeutic, follistatin could greatly reduce the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease and delay the time to which dialysis or even transplant become necessary.

Using Follistatin as a Marker of Disease

Because follistatin is associated with reduced rates of inflammation and fibrosis, it makes sense that the body would naturally produce more follistatin in the setting of disease or an unhealthy state. Research in humans suffering from cardiovascular disease shows that follistatin levels increase significantly when cardiovascular disease (e.g. plaques) begins to develop[13]. This makes scientists wonder if follistatin might be used as a marker of early disease onset. Monitoring of follistatin levels could make it easier for doctors to intervene in disease states early in their progression, perhaps even before they are clinically apparent, when preventative treatments can have the most impact.

Research in late-stage cardiovascular disease, for instance, shows elevated follistatin levels as a result of left ventricle remodeling. This may make follistatin an excellent measure for following the progression of heart failure, which could aid doctors in decisions about when to change medication doses, when to initiate more invasive therapy, or even when a patient may be progressing down the path toward a total heart transplant[14].

Follistatin Is the Basis for Protein Enhancement Research

While the body produces a number of natural compounds that offset disease effects, science and modern medicine have long understood that physiologic proteins are not always ideal for exogenous treatment. This may be because they are difficult to administer, degrade to quickly, or have deleterious side effects. Modifying the proteins can help to eliminate these side effects, but the process is often haphazard and lacks core principles of engineering that would make it faster, more affordable, and more effective. Research on follistatin is providing a model for altering naturally occurring proteins in order to boost wanted effects and limit unwanted effects. Scientists have shown that synthetic variants of follistatin can improve the protein’s therapeutic potential. This research is laying the groundwork necessary to make it easier and more predictable to alter proteins for treating human disease[15].

Follistatin 315 exhibits moderate side effects, low oral and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. Per kg dosage in mice does not scale to humans. Follistatin 315 for sale at    peptide Review hub is limited to educational and scientific research only, not for human consumption. Only buy Follistatin 315 I if you are a licensed researcher.

Article Author

The above literature was researched, edited and organized by Dr. Logan, M.D. Dr. Logan holds a doctorate degree from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and a B.S. in molecular biology.

Follistatin 315 (FST-315) is a naturally occurring activin-binding protein that has become one of the most heavily researched molecules in muscle biology, regenerative medicine, inflammation research, fibrosis studies, and vascular biology. Researchers are particularly interested in Follistatin because of its ability to bind and regulate proteins such as activin A and myostatin, both of which play important roles in tissue growth, remodeling, and repair.

As interest in growth-regulation proteins and regenerative biology expands, researchers frequently compare Follistatin vendors based on purity, analytical testing, product quality, pricing, and supplier reliability.

This Follistatin Vendor Price Comparison Guide helps researchers evaluate suppliers using objective criteria such as:

• Product Pricing

• Cost Per Milligram

• Product Purity

• Third-Party Testing

• Certificate of Analysis (COA)

• Vendor Reputation

• Customer Reviews

• Shipping Performance

• Product Availability

• Overall Value

Whether you're looking for the lowest-priced Follistatin supplier, the highest-purity product, or vendors offering extensive analytical documentation, this guide provides a framework for comparing research suppliers.

Explore Follistatin Vendors by Criteria

Most Popular Follistatin Vendors

Compare suppliers frequently selected by muscle biology, regenerative medicine, and inflammation researchers.

Highest Reviewed Follistatin Vendors

Discover peptide and protein suppliers with strong customer satisfaction and positive marketplace reputations.

Lowest Price Follistatin Vendors

Identify suppliers offering competitive pricing and attractive cost-per-milligram value.

Highest Purity Follistatin Vendors

Review suppliers providing transparent purity testing and analytical verification.

Best Value Follistatin Vendors

Compare testing standards, customer support, product quality, and pricing.

Fastest Shipping Follistatin Vendors

Evaluate shipping speed, fulfillment reliability, and packaging quality.

Newly Listed Follistatin Vendors

Explore recently added suppliers offering Follistatin research products.

What Is Follistatin 315?

Overview

Follistatin 315 (FST-315) is one of several naturally occurring isoforms of the follistatin protein.

Researchers investigate Follistatin because of its involvement in:

• Myostatin regulation

• Activin signaling

• Muscle growth pathways

• Tissue remodeling

• Fibrosis regulation

• Inflammatory signaling

• Blood-vessel development

• Organ repair mechanisms

Originally identified as a follicle-stimulating hormone regulator, Follistatin has since become an important research target across multiple biological disciplines.

Molecular Characteristics

Protein Information

Researchers evaluating Follistatin products should carefully review available molecular specifications and quality-control documentation.

Protein Name

Follistatin 315

Alternative Names

• FST-315

• Activin-Binding Protein

• FSH-Suppressing Protein

• FST

Molecular Weight

3470 g/mol

PubChem CID

178101631 (Full Follistatin Protein)

Classification

Activin-Binding Regulatory Protein

Research Category

Muscle Growth & Regenerative Biology Research

Why Researchers Compare Follistatin Vendors

Research reproducibility depends heavily on protein quality and manufacturing consistency.

Differences among suppliers may include:

• Purity levels

• Expression systems

• Batch consistency

• Stability testing

• Storage conditions

• Product documentation

• Shipping procedures

• Quality-control standards

Selecting a supplier solely based on price may overlook critical quality indicators.

How We Compare Follistatin Vendors

Third-Party Laboratory Testing

Independent testing remains one of the strongest indicators of supplier quality.

Researchers should prioritize vendors offering:

• Third-party testing

• Purity verification

• Identity confirmation

• Batch-specific analysis

Certificate of Analysis (COA)

A quality COA should include:

• Batch number

• Testing date

• Purity percentage

• Identity verification

• Analytical methodology

Product Purity

Purity remains one of the most important variables when evaluating research proteins.

Higher-purity products may contribute to improved experimental consistency and reproducibility.

Cost Per Milligram

Comparing product price alone can be misleading.

Cost Per Milligram Formula

Product Price ÷ Total Milligrams = Cost Per Milligram

This allows meaningful comparisons between suppliers and package sizes.

Customer Reviews

Customer experiences often provide insight regarding:

• Product consistency

• Shipping reliability

• Packaging quality

• Customer support

• Purchasing experience

Vendor Reputation

Established suppliers often demonstrate:

• Strong quality-control systems

• Transparent testing programs

• Reliable inventory management

• Positive customer satisfaction

Current Research & Evidence

Myostatin Research

One of the primary areas of Follistatin investigation involves myostatin signaling.

Researchers study interactions involving:

• Skeletal muscle growth

• Muscle-cell differentiation

• Tissue development

• Growth regulation pathways

This remains one of the most recognized aspects of Follistatin research.

Activin Research

Follistatin functions as a major binding protein for activin.

Scientists continue investigating activin-related pathways involving:

• Cellular proliferation

• Tissue remodeling

• Developmental biology

• Fibrosis mechanisms

Understanding activin regulation remains central to Follistatin research.

Regenerative Biology Research

Researchers continue exploring Follistatin's potential relationship with:

• Tissue repair

• Regeneration pathways

• Cellular recovery

• Organ remodeling

• Healing processes

These studies span muscle, vascular, pulmonary, renal, and connective-tissue research.

Key Findings on Follistatin Research

Muscle Biology Research

Follistatin is widely studied because of its relationship with muscle-development pathways.

Researchers continue investigating:

• Muscle-cell growth

• Muscle maintenance

• Skeletal-muscle regulation

• Muscle-regeneration processes

This remains the most active area of Follistatin research.

Neuromuscular Research

Experimental models have examined how Follistatin-related pathways may influence:

• Neuromuscular function

• Motor performance

• Muscle preservation

• Muscle-wasting mechanisms

These investigations remain ongoing.

Inflammation Research

Researchers have explored Follistatin's relationship with inflammatory signaling pathways involving:

• Activin A regulation

• Cytokine activity

• Tissue inflammation

• Immune-system responses

Scientists continue evaluating these mechanisms across multiple organ systems.

Fibrosis Research

Fibrosis remains a major area of scientific interest.

Research involving Follistatin has examined pathways associated with:

• Tissue scarring

• Extracellular matrix remodeling

• Organ fibrosis

• Chronic inflammatory remodeling

These studies include pulmonary, renal, connective-tissue, and cardiovascular models.

Pulmonary Research

Researchers continue studying Follistatin in investigations involving:

• Airway remodeling

• Respiratory inflammation

• Lung-tissue biology

• Fibrotic lung pathways

This remains an important area of translational research.

Blood Vessel Research

Studies suggest Follistatin may be involved in pathways affecting:

• Endothelial-cell biology

• Angiogenesis

• Vascular remodeling

• Blood-vessel repair

Researchers continue evaluating these mechanisms in regenerative medicine models.

Kidney Research

Experimental investigations have explored Follistatin's relationship with:

• Renal tissue biology

• Fibrosis pathways

• Cellular injury responses

• Tissue remodeling

Additional research remains ongoing.

Cardiovascular Research

Researchers have also investigated Follistatin in studies involving:

• Cardiac remodeling

• Heart-failure biomarkers

• Vascular health

• Tissue-repair signaling

This remains an emerging area of interest.

Research Limitations

Most findings involving Follistatin originate from:

• Cell-culture studies

• Animal research

• Laboratory investigations

• Early-stage translational research

Additional studies are required to fully characterize the biological effects and mechanisms of Follistatin.

Research findings should not be interpreted as evidence of approved therapeutic use.

Product Quality & Analytical Testing

Why Testing Matters

Research-grade Follistatin products should undergo testing to verify:

• Identity

• Purity

• Stability

• Potency

• Batch consistency

Common Testing Methods

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Used to assess purity and identify impurities.

Mass Spectrometry (MS)

Used to verify molecular identity.

Identity Verification Testing

Confirms product authenticity.

Stability Testing

Evaluates integrity during storage.

Batch Consistency Testing

Measures reproducibility across production lots.

Bioactivity Testing

Assesses functional activity of the protein in laboratory environments.

Understanding Follistatin Pricing

Several factors influence pricing among suppliers.

Product Purity

Higher-purity preparations often command premium pricing.

Recombinant Production Requirements

Follistatin is biologically complex and may require specialized manufacturing processes.

Analytical Verification

Comprehensive testing increases transparency but also increases production costs.

Batch Consistency Standards

Strict quality-control systems add cost but improve reproducibility.

Vendor Reputation

Trusted suppliers often charge more due to stronger quality-assurance programs.

Follistatin Vendor Evaluation Checklist

Quality Verification

✅ Third-party testing available

✅ Certificate of Analysis provided

✅ Purity information disclosed

✅ Identity verification documented

✅ Batch-specific testing available

✅ Bioactivity testing available

Vendor Reliability

✅ Positive customer reviews

✅ Transparent company information

✅ Responsive customer support

✅ Consistent inventory availability

Purchasing Experience

✅ Secure checkout process

✅ Tracking information provided

✅ Clear refund policies

✅ Reliable order fulfillment

Red Flags When Comparing Vendors

Testing Concerns

❌ No third-party testing

❌ Missing COAs

❌ Unverified purity claims

❌ No bioactivity verification

❌ Outdated laboratory reports

Transparency Issues

❌ Hidden product specifications

❌ Missing batch information

❌ Limited testing documentation

❌ No company contact information

Service Problems

❌ Frequent inventory shortages

❌ Poor communication

❌ Negative customer reviews

❌ Unclear shipping policies

How to Choose the Best Follistatin Vendor

Prioritize Independent Testing

Choose suppliers that provide third-party testing and batch-specific COAs.

Verify Bioactivity Documentation

For protein products such as Follistatin, bioactivity testing can be just as important as purity data.

Compare Overall Value

Evaluate purity, analytical testing, customer support, and product consistency alongside price.

Review Vendor Reputation

Established suppliers frequently provide better quality assurance and product reliability.

Match Products to Research Objectives

Choose suppliers whose manufacturing and testing standards align with your laboratory requirements.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Follistatin 315?

Follistatin 315 (FST-315) is a naturally occurring activin-binding protein studied for its role in muscle regulation, inflammation, tissue remodeling, fibrosis, and regenerative biology.

What is Follistatin used for in research?

Researchers investigate Follistatin in studies involving myostatin inhibition, activin signaling, muscle biology, fibrosis, vascular growth, tissue-repair pathways, and inflammatory processes.

Why compare Follistatin vendors?

Purity, bioactivity, analytical testing, documentation quality, pricing, and supplier reliability may vary significantly between vendors.

What should researchers evaluate before purchasing?

Researchers should review:

• Certificate of Analysis

• Bioactivity testing

• Purity verification

• Identity confirmation

• Vendor reputation

• Customer reviews

Why is bioactivity testing important?

Bioactivity testing helps verify that the recombinant protein functions as intended in laboratory environments, beyond simply confirming purity.

Is the cheapest supplier always the best choice?

No. Product quality, bioactivity, analytical verification, and supplier reliability are often more important than price alone.

How often should vendor comparisons be updated?

Pricing, inventory availability, laboratory reports, and supplier policies can change frequently and should be reviewed regularly.

Final Thoughts

Follistatin 315 remains one of the most important regulatory proteins studied in muscle biology, tissue regeneration, fibrosis research, vascular health, and inflammation science. Its unique ability to interact with activin and myostatin pathways has made it a valuable research tool across numerous fields of biomedical investigation.

When comparing Follistatin vendors, researchers should prioritize purity verification, bioactivity testing, third-party laboratory analysis, COA availability, supplier reputation, and overall value rather than focusing solely on price. A structured evaluation process can help identify suppliers capable of meeting rigorous research-quality standards.